Definitions of Acids:
- Proton donors (H+)
- Acids accept electron pairs
- when an acid dissolved in water it creates H+ ions
- Proton donors (H+)
- Acids accept electron pairs
- when an acid dissolved in water it creates H+ ions
Properties of acids:
- Turn blue litmus paper red
- All acids are H+ donors
- Acids have a pH level below 7.0
- Acids are corrosive
- acids neutralize bases to form slat and water
- Acids conduct electricity
- Acids react with metals to form hydrogen gas (H)
- Warm acids react with carbonates to create CO2, salt and water.
- Acids react with bases and alkalis to form salt and water.
- Turn blue litmus paper red
- All acids are H+ donors
- Acids have a pH level below 7.0
- Acids are corrosive
- acids neutralize bases to form slat and water
- Acids conduct electricity
- Acids react with metals to form hydrogen gas (H)
- Warm acids react with carbonates to create CO2, salt and water.
- Acids react with bases and alkalis to form salt and water.
Strong Acids:
Strong acids dissociate completely, meaning it give all of its H+ ions Strong acids are any acids with a pH between 1-3. A strong acid is one that forms a higher concentration of H+ ions Some examples of strong acids are: - CO2 --> Carbonic acid (weak acid) - NO2 --> nitric acid (strong acid) - SO2 --> Sulphuric acid (strong acid) - Hydrochloric acid (strong acid) FUN FACT: The world's strongest acid comes from the carborane superacid, considered to be a million times stronger than concentrated sulfuric acid |
Weak Acids:
Weak acids dissociate partially meaning it gives most but not all of its H+ ions From 4-6 acids are weak. - Vinegar (weak acid) - Citric acid (weak acid) - CO2 --> Carbonic acid (weak acid) |
Conjugate acid:
Conjugate acids are bases that have given their OH- ions to an acid.
Strong acids:
Neutralization
What is neutralization?
Neutralization is when an acid reacts and gives away its H+ ion while recieving an OH- pair, creating neutral water
Salts are a neutral compound created by neutralization. there are four different types of salts:
- Sulfuric acids get you sulfates
- Nitric acids get you nitrates
- Hydrochloric acids gets you carbons
- Nitric acid + magnesium = hydrogen + magnesium nitrate
- Sulfuric acid + sodium hydroxide = H2O + sodium sulfate
There are four ways for an acid to be neutralized they are:
What is neutralization?
Neutralization is when an acid reacts and gives away its H+ ion while recieving an OH- pair, creating neutral water
Salts are a neutral compound created by neutralization. there are four different types of salts:
- Sulfuric acids get you sulfates
- Nitric acids get you nitrates
- Hydrochloric acids gets you carbons
- Nitric acid + magnesium = hydrogen + magnesium nitrate
- Sulfuric acid + sodium hydroxide = H2O + sodium sulfate
There are four ways for an acid to be neutralized they are:
- Acid + Base = Salt + Water
- Acid + Metal = salt + hydrogen gas
- Acid + Alkali = Salt + Water |
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- Acid + Carbonate = Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide |
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Acid in nature:
Bee stings are acids. Scorpion stings are also acidic this is why you use an alkaline solution in order to help ease the pain.
Scientist have found worms that lack a mouth and gut but are able to decompose whale bones. These worms use proton pumps to produce acid which it uses to break down whale bones for food and shelter. These worms are able to produce the acid through enzymes. The most prominent is a proton pump found in the root of the worm, the part of the worm lodged inside the bone.